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<!DOCTYPE html> <html lang="en"> <head> <meta charset="utf-8"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width"> <meta name="nodejs.org:node-version" content="v16.20.2"> <title>Query string | Node.js v16.20.2 Documentation</title> <link rel="stylesheet" href="https://fonts.googleapis.com/css?family=Lato:400,700,400italic&display=fallback"> <link rel="stylesheet" href="assets/style.css"> <link rel="stylesheet" href="assets/hljs.css"> <link rel="canonical" href="https://nodejs.org/api/querystring.html"> <script async defer src="assets/api.js" type="text/javascript"></script> </head> <body class="alt apidoc" id="api-section-querystring"> <div id="content" class="clearfix"> <div id="column2" class="interior"> <div id="intro" class="interior"> <a href="/" title="Go back to the home page"> Node.js </a> </div> <ul> <li><a href="documentation.html" class="nav-documentation">About this documentation</a></li> <li><a href="synopsis.html" class="nav-synopsis">Usage and example</a></li> </ul> <hr 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</ul> <hr class="line"> <ul> <li><a href="https://github.com/nodejs/node" class="nav-https-github-com-nodejs-node">Code repository and issue tracker</a></li> </ul> </div> <div id="column1" data-id="querystring" class="interior"> <header class="header"> <div class="header-container"> <h1>Node.js v16.20.2 documentation</h1> <button class="theme-toggle-btn" id="theme-toggle-btn" title="Toggle dark mode/light mode" aria-label="Toggle dark mode/light mode" hidden> <svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" class="icon dark-icon" height="24" width="24"> <path fill="none" d="M0 0h24v24H0z" /> <path d="M11.1 12.08c-2.33-4.51-.5-8.48.53-10.07C6.27 2.2 1.98 6.59 1.98 12c0 .14.02.28.02.42.62-.27 1.29-.42 2-.42 1.66 0 3.18.83 4.1 2.15A4.01 4.01 0 0111 18c0 1.52-.87 2.83-2.12 3.51.98.32 2.03.5 3.11.5 3.5 0 6.58-1.8 8.37-4.52-2.36.23-6.98-.97-9.26-5.41z"/> <path d="M7 16h-.18C6.4 14.84 5.3 14 4 14c-1.66 0-3 1.34-3 3s1.34 3 3 3h3c1.1 0 2-.9 2-2s-.9-2-2-2z"/> </svg> <svg 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href="#querystringescapestr"><code>querystring.escape(str)</code></a></li> <li><a href="#querystringparsestr-sep-eq-options"><code>querystring.parse(str[, sep[, eq[, options]]])</code></a></li> <li><a href="#querystringstringifyobj-sep-eq-options"><code>querystring.stringify(obj[, sep[, eq[, options]]])</code></a></li> <li><a href="#querystringunescapestr"><code>querystring.unescape(str)</code></a></li> </ul> </li> </ul></div></div> </li> <li class="picker-header"> <a href="#"> <span class="collapsed-arrow">►</span><span class="expanded-arrow">▼</span> Index </a> <div class="picker"><ul> <li><a href="documentation.html" class="nav-documentation">About this documentation</a></li> <li><a href="synopsis.html" class="nav-synopsis">Usage and example</a></li> <li> <a href="index.html">Index</a> </li> </ul> <hr class="line"> <ul> <li><a href="assert.html" class="nav-assert">Assertion testing</a></li> <li><a href="async_context.html" class="nav-async_context">Asynchronous context 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tracker</a></li> </ul></div> </li> <li class="picker-header"> <a href="#"> <span class="collapsed-arrow">►</span><span class="expanded-arrow">▼</span> Other versions </a> <div class="picker"><ol id="alt-docs"><li><a href="https://nodejs.org/docs/latest-v20.x/api/querystring.html">20.x</a></li> <li><a href="https://nodejs.org/docs/latest-v19.x/api/querystring.html">19.x</a></li> <li><a href="https://nodejs.org/docs/latest-v18.x/api/querystring.html">18.x <b>LTS</b></a></li> <li><a href="https://nodejs.org/docs/latest-v17.x/api/querystring.html">17.x</a></li> <li><a href="https://nodejs.org/docs/latest-v16.x/api/querystring.html">16.x <b>LTS</b></a></li> <li><a href="https://nodejs.org/docs/latest-v15.x/api/querystring.html">15.x</a></li> <li><a href="https://nodejs.org/docs/latest-v14.x/api/querystring.html">14.x</a></li> <li><a href="https://nodejs.org/docs/latest-v13.x/api/querystring.html">13.x</a></li> <li><a href="https://nodejs.org/docs/latest-v12.x/api/querystring.html">12.x</a></li> <li><a href="https://nodejs.org/docs/latest-v11.x/api/querystring.html">11.x</a></li> <li><a href="https://nodejs.org/docs/latest-v10.x/api/querystring.html">10.x</a></li> <li><a href="https://nodejs.org/docs/latest-v9.x/api/querystring.html">9.x</a></li> <li><a href="https://nodejs.org/docs/latest-v8.x/api/querystring.html">8.x</a></li> <li><a href="https://nodejs.org/docs/latest-v7.x/api/querystring.html">7.x</a></li> <li><a href="https://nodejs.org/docs/latest-v6.x/api/querystring.html">6.x</a></li> <li><a href="https://nodejs.org/docs/latest-v5.x/api/querystring.html">5.x</a></li> <li><a href="https://nodejs.org/docs/latest-v4.x/api/querystring.html">4.x</a></li> <li><a href="https://nodejs.org/docs/latest-v0.12.x/api/querystring.html">0.12.x</a></li> <li><a href="https://nodejs.org/docs/latest-v0.10.x/api/querystring.html">0.10.x</a></li></ol></div> </li> <li class="picker-header"> <a href="#"> <span class="collapsed-arrow">►</span><span class="expanded-arrow">▼</span> Options </a> <div class="picker"> <ul> <li> <a href="all.html">View on single page</a> </li> <li> <a href="querystring.json">View as JSON</a> </li> <li class="edit_on_github"><a href="https://github.com/nodejs/node/edit/main/doc/api/querystring.md">Edit on GitHub</a></li> </ul> </div> </li> </ul> </div> <hr> </header> <details id="toc" open><summary>Table of contents</summary><ul> <li><span class="stability_3"><a href="#query-string">Query string</a></span> <ul> <li><a href="#querystringdecode"><code>querystring.decode()</code></a></li> <li><a href="#querystringencode"><code>querystring.encode()</code></a></li> <li><a href="#querystringescapestr"><code>querystring.escape(str)</code></a></li> <li><a href="#querystringparsestr-sep-eq-options"><code>querystring.parse(str[, sep[, eq[, options]]])</code></a></li> <li><a href="#querystringstringifyobj-sep-eq-options"><code>querystring.stringify(obj[, sep[, eq[, options]]])</code></a></li> <li><a href="#querystringunescapestr"><code>querystring.unescape(str)</code></a></li> </ul> </li> </ul></details> <div id="apicontent"> <h2>Query string<span><a class="mark" href="#query-string" id="query-string">#</a></span><a aria-hidden="true" class="legacy" id="querystring_query_string"></a></h2> <p></p><div class="api_stability api_stability_3"><a href="documentation.html#stability-index">Stability: 3</a> - Legacy</div><p></p> <p><strong>Source Code:</strong> <a href="https://github.com/nodejs/node/blob/v16.20.2/lib/querystring.js">lib/querystring.js</a></p> <p>The <code>node:querystring</code> module provides utilities for parsing and formatting URL query strings. It can be accessed using:</p> <pre><code class="language-js"><span class="hljs-keyword">const</span> querystring = <span class="hljs-built_in">require</span>(<span class="hljs-string">'node:querystring'</span>);</code></pre> <p>The <code>querystring</code> API is considered Legacy. While it is still maintained, new code should use the <a href="url.html#class-urlsearchparams" class="type"><URLSearchParams></a> API instead.</p> <section><h3><code>querystring.decode()</code><span><a class="mark" href="#querystringdecode" id="querystringdecode">#</a></span><a aria-hidden="true" class="legacy" id="querystring_querystring_decode"></a></h3> <div class="api_metadata"> <span>Added in: v0.1.99</span> </div> <p>The <code>querystring.decode()</code> function is an alias for <code>querystring.parse()</code>.</p> </section><section><h3><code>querystring.encode()</code><span><a class="mark" href="#querystringencode" id="querystringencode">#</a></span><a aria-hidden="true" class="legacy" id="querystring_querystring_encode"></a></h3> <div class="api_metadata"> <span>Added in: v0.1.99</span> </div> <p>The <code>querystring.encode()</code> function is an alias for <code>querystring.stringify()</code>.</p> </section><section><h3><code>querystring.escape(str)</code><span><a class="mark" href="#querystringescapestr" id="querystringescapestr">#</a></span><a aria-hidden="true" class="legacy" id="querystring_querystring_escape_str"></a></h3> <div class="api_metadata"> <span>Added in: v0.1.25</span> </div> <ul> <li><code>str</code> <a href="https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Data_structures#String_type" class="type"><string></a></li> </ul> <p>The <code>querystring.escape()</code> method performs URL percent-encoding on the given <code>str</code> in a manner that is optimized for the specific requirements of URL query strings.</p> <p>The <code>querystring.escape()</code> method is used by <code>querystring.stringify()</code> and is generally not expected to be used directly. It is exported primarily to allow application code to provide a replacement percent-encoding implementation if necessary by assigning <code>querystring.escape</code> to an alternative function.</p> </section><section><h3><code>querystring.parse(str[, sep[, eq[, options]]])</code><span><a class="mark" href="#querystringparsestr-sep-eq-options" id="querystringparsestr-sep-eq-options">#</a></span><a aria-hidden="true" class="legacy" id="querystring_querystring_parse_str_sep_eq_options"></a></h3> <div class="api_metadata"> <details class="changelog"><summary>History</summary> <table> <tbody><tr><th>Version</th><th>Changes</th></tr> <tr><td>v8.0.0</td> <td><p>Multiple empty entries are now parsed correctly (e.g. <code>&=&=</code>).</p></td></tr> <tr><td>v6.0.0</td> <td><p>The returned object no longer inherits from <code>Object.prototype</code>.</p></td></tr> <tr><td>v6.0.0, v4.2.4</td> <td><p>The <code>eq</code> parameter may now have a length of more than <code>1</code>.</p></td></tr> <tr><td>v0.1.25</td> <td><p><span>Added in: v0.1.25</span></p></td></tr> </tbody></table> </details> </div> <ul> <li><code>str</code> <a href="https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Data_structures#String_type" class="type"><string></a> The URL query string to parse</li> <li><code>sep</code> <a href="https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Data_structures#String_type" class="type"><string></a> The substring used to delimit key and value pairs in the query string. <strong>Default:</strong> <code>'&'</code>.</li> <li><code>eq</code> <a href="https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Data_structures#String_type" class="type"><string></a>. The substring used to delimit keys and values in the query string. <strong>Default:</strong> <code>'='</code>.</li> <li><code>options</code> <a href="https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference/Global_Objects/Object" class="type"><Object></a> <ul> <li><code>decodeURIComponent</code> <a href="https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference/Global_Objects/Function" class="type"><Function></a> The function to use when decoding percent-encoded characters in the query string. <strong>Default:</strong> <code>querystring.unescape()</code>.</li> <li><code>maxKeys</code> <a href="https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Data_structures#Number_type" class="type"><number></a> Specifies the maximum number of keys to parse. Specify <code>0</code> to remove key counting limitations. <strong>Default:</strong> <code>1000</code>.</li> </ul> </li> </ul> <p>The <code>querystring.parse()</code> method parses a URL query string (<code>str</code>) into a collection of key and value pairs.</p> <p>For example, the query string <code>'foo=bar&abc=xyz&abc=123'</code> is parsed into:</p> <!-- eslint-skip --> <pre><code class="language-js">{ <span class="hljs-attr">foo</span>: <span class="hljs-string">'bar'</span>, <span class="hljs-attr">abc</span>: [<span class="hljs-string">'xyz'</span>, <span class="hljs-string">'123'</span>] }</code></pre> <p>The object returned by the <code>querystring.parse()</code> method <em>does not</em> prototypically inherit from the JavaScript <code>Object</code>. This means that typical <code>Object</code> methods such as <code>obj.toString()</code>, <code>obj.hasOwnProperty()</code>, and others are not defined and <em>will not work</em>.</p> <p>By default, percent-encoded characters within the query string will be assumed to use UTF-8 encoding. If an alternative character encoding is used, then an alternative <code>decodeURIComponent</code> option will need to be specified:</p> <pre><code class="language-js"><span class="hljs-comment">// Assuming gbkDecodeURIComponent function already exists...</span> querystring.<span class="hljs-title function_">parse</span>(<span class="hljs-string">'w=%D6%D0%CE%C4&foo=bar'</span>, <span class="hljs-literal">null</span>, <span class="hljs-literal">null</span>, { <span class="hljs-attr">decodeURIComponent</span>: gbkDecodeURIComponent });</code></pre> </section><section><h3><code>querystring.stringify(obj[, sep[, eq[, options]]])</code><span><a class="mark" href="#querystringstringifyobj-sep-eq-options" id="querystringstringifyobj-sep-eq-options">#</a></span><a aria-hidden="true" class="legacy" id="querystring_querystring_stringify_obj_sep_eq_options"></a></h3> <div class="api_metadata"> <span>Added in: v0.1.25</span> </div> <ul> <li><code>obj</code> <a href="https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference/Global_Objects/Object" class="type"><Object></a> The object to serialize into a URL query string</li> <li><code>sep</code> <a href="https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Data_structures#String_type" class="type"><string></a> The substring used to delimit key and value pairs in the query string. <strong>Default:</strong> <code>'&'</code>.</li> <li><code>eq</code> <a href="https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Data_structures#String_type" class="type"><string></a>. The substring used to delimit keys and values in the query string. <strong>Default:</strong> <code>'='</code>.</li> <li><code>options</code> <ul> <li><code>encodeURIComponent</code> <a href="https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference/Global_Objects/Function" class="type"><Function></a> The function to use when converting URL-unsafe characters to percent-encoding in the query string. <strong>Default:</strong> <code>querystring.escape()</code>.</li> </ul> </li> </ul> <p>The <code>querystring.stringify()</code> method produces a URL query string from a given <code>obj</code> by iterating through the object's "own properties".</p> <p>It serializes the following types of values passed in <code>obj</code>: <a href="https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Data_structures#String_type" class="type"><string></a> | <a href="https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Data_structures#Number_type" class="type"><number></a> | <a href="https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference/Global_Objects/BigInt" class="type"><bigint></a> | <a href="https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Data_structures#Boolean_type" class="type"><boolean></a> | <a href="https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Data_structures#String_type" class="type"><string[]></a> | <a href="https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Data_structures#Number_type" class="type"><number[]></a> | <a href="https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference/Global_Objects/BigInt" class="type"><bigint[]></a> | <a href="https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Data_structures#Boolean_type" class="type"><boolean[]></a> The numeric values must be finite. Any other input values will be coerced to empty strings.</p> <pre><code class="language-js">querystring.<span class="hljs-title function_">stringify</span>({ <span class="hljs-attr">foo</span>: <span class="hljs-string">'bar'</span>, <span class="hljs-attr">baz</span>: [<span class="hljs-string">'qux'</span>, <span class="hljs-string">'quux'</span>], <span class="hljs-attr">corge</span>: <span class="hljs-string">''</span> }); <span class="hljs-comment">// Returns 'foo=bar&baz=qux&baz=quux&corge='</span> querystring.<span class="hljs-title function_">stringify</span>({ <span class="hljs-attr">foo</span>: <span class="hljs-string">'bar'</span>, <span class="hljs-attr">baz</span>: <span class="hljs-string">'qux'</span> }, <span class="hljs-string">';'</span>, <span class="hljs-string">':'</span>); <span class="hljs-comment">// Returns 'foo:bar;baz:qux'</span></code></pre> <p>By default, characters requiring percent-encoding within the query string will be encoded as UTF-8. If an alternative encoding is required, then an alternative <code>encodeURIComponent</code> option will need to be specified:</p> <pre><code class="language-js"><span class="hljs-comment">// Assuming gbkEncodeURIComponent function already exists,</span> querystring.<span class="hljs-title function_">stringify</span>({ <span class="hljs-attr">w</span>: <span class="hljs-string">'δΈζ'</span>, <span class="hljs-attr">foo</span>: <span class="hljs-string">'bar'</span> }, <span class="hljs-literal">null</span>, <span class="hljs-literal">null</span>, { <span class="hljs-attr">encodeURIComponent</span>: gbkEncodeURIComponent });</code></pre> </section><section><h3><code>querystring.unescape(str)</code><span><a class="mark" href="#querystringunescapestr" id="querystringunescapestr">#</a></span><a aria-hidden="true" class="legacy" id="querystring_querystring_unescape_str"></a></h3> <div class="api_metadata"> <span>Added in: v0.1.25</span> </div> <ul> <li><code>str</code> <a href="https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Data_structures#String_type" class="type"><string></a></li> </ul> <p>The <code>querystring.unescape()</code> method performs decoding of URL percent-encoded characters on the given <code>str</code>.</p> <p>The <code>querystring.unescape()</code> method is used by <code>querystring.parse()</code> and is generally not expected to be used directly. It is exported primarily to allow application code to provide a replacement decoding implementation if necessary by assigning <code>querystring.unescape</code> to an alternative function.</p> <p>By default, the <code>querystring.unescape()</code> method will attempt to use the JavaScript built-in <code>decodeURIComponent()</code> method to decode. If that fails, a safer equivalent that does not throw on malformed URLs will be used.</p></section> <!-- API END --> </div> </div> </div> </body> </html>
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